Tahiri, M., Lakhal , Y. ., Louah, S. and Mimet, A. . (2026) “A Hybrid Intelligent Navigation System for Autonomous Vehicles in Contested Environments: Integrating Modified Ant Colony Optimization with Threat-Weighted A*”, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Systems, 17(7), pp. 557-567. doi: 10.32985/ijeces.17.7.6.