Comprehensive Analysis of Power System: Exploring Load Factor, Power Balance, Active Load Variation, and Increment Factors with Iterative Implications

Abstract

The contemporary power landscape is marked by escalating complexity driven by surging energy demands, the integration of renewable sources, and the imperative for heightened system performance. In response to these challenges, this paper presents a thorough investigation. Firstly, the load factor Lambda (λ) is expounded upon, emphasizing its significant impact on system stability due to load characteristics. Static load models are employed for voltage stability studies, providing insights into resource allocation and optimization by comparing actual energy consumption to the maximum potential consumption. Secondly, the paper delves into the power balance, a critical aspect that scrutinizes the equilibrium among generation, consumption, and distribution, underscoring its pivotal role in ensuring system stability. Within a 6-node network, the concept of power balance, denoted as "load λ," is illustrated by tracking its variations across iterations, representing the disparity between Power Generator (PG) and Load (PL). To maintain balance during continuous power flow (CPF) analysis, power supply can be finely adjusted using the load factor lambda (λ). Thirdly, the integration of renewable sources introduces active load variation, underscoring the necessity to comprehend load fluctuations over time for ensuring grid reliability. Active load variation is demonstrated based on the number of iterations. Additionally, the paper elucidates the increment factor τ, explaining its impact on the number of correction iterations by selecting the size of the step factor. The graphical representation of the increment factor for iterations 8 and 11 in a network with load nodes provides further clarification. This paper explores the intricate interactions of load factors, power balance, active load changes, and increment factors within power systems. The presented findings contribute to the enhancement of the reliability, efficiency, and sustainability of modern power systems.